General Information :

• It is a deciduous medium-sized
• Crown conical, dense, with branches projecting upwards.
• Bark dark grey to dark brown, inner bark reddish-brown.
• Its flowers are golden-orange bottlebrush-like blooms.
• Fruits are leather follicles dark brown in color with 1-2 flat winged seeds.

Distribution :

• Exotic to India
• Commercially  cultivated in hilly regions of India

Habitat : Tropical and Deciduous forest

Soil : Alluvial soil and Loam soil

Altitude :Up to 2300 m(MSL)

Rainfall :600-1700 mm

Temperature : 23°C to 31°C

Terrain : Hilly terrain

Tree Characteristics :

• Light demander and  resistant to frost 
• It is poor coppice
• Seedlings are fire tender.

Habit : Semi deciduous tree

Growth : Moderate

Height : 30-35m

Natural Regeneration :

• Natural regeneration is not satisfactory 

Artificial Regeneration :

• Propagated by direct sowing  and nursery raised seedlings.

Seed collection and Storage :

• Collection of seeds by cutting the branches.
• Seed storage behavior is orthodox
• Germination percentage is 60-80%
• Seeds were maintained for 4 years in commercial storage conditions;
• There are between 24,000 and 105000 seeds/kg.

Seed Treatment :

• No pretreatment of seed is required.

Nursery Technique :

Direct sowing:

• Seed sowing is done in mother bed during November -December.
• While showing seeds are mixed with ash for uniform distribution.
• Germination starts in about 10 days and is completed in a month.
• One month old seedlings are transferred from mother bed to poly bags

Plantation technique :

• Planting is carried out during onset of monsoon season.
• In high rainfall areas .planting of naked seedlings gives satisfactory results.
• 30cm3 pits are used for planting.
• Spacing of 3 m x 3 m is adopted . 

Care & Disease Control :

• Pruning and soil working should be done periodically based on the growth conditions.                

Irrigation :

• Does not tolerate water logging
• Average Water Needs regularly, do not overwater

Recommended Harvest :

• 10-15 years

Yield :

• Approximately 150-200 tons/ha*

*Subject to varry according to site factors.

Agro Forestory :

• A deep rooting system causes little interference with shallow-rooted crops, and it can be successfully intercropped with banana, tomato and other agricultural crops. 
• This is a well known shade tree in coffee and tea plantations.

Major uses :

• Timber is used for building such as studs, plates, flooring , plywood and veneer manufacturing

Gum or resin:

• By virtue of their solubility, viscosity and relatively high resistance to hydrolysis, G. robusta gums may have some industrial applications.                          

Shade or shelter:  

• This is a well-known shade tree in coffee and tea plantations.
• Its spreading branching system makes it ideal for windbreaks or shelterbelts against wind-induced mechanical damage, high rates of transpiration and surface evaporation.

Market details :

• Approximately Rs.4000 – 4500/ton*

*Subject to change according to market demands